Overview & Description:

Illusory correlation involves perceiving a relationship between variables (typically, people, events, or behaviors) even when no such association exists. It often occurs when we mistakenly over-associate occurrences of the variable events.

Example:

Imagine a person who believes that eating a certain food always causes them an allergic reaction because they experienced symptoms a few times after consuming it, even though there is no actual scientific linkage between the food and their symptoms.

Implications:

Recognizing illusory correlations is pivotal in preventing the development of stereotypes and false beliefs, particularly in scientific research and everyday decision-making, to ensure accurate understanding and interpretations.

References:

• Chapman, L. J., & Chapman, J. P. (1967). Illusory correlation as an obstacle to the use of valid psychodiagnostic signs. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 72(3), 193-204.