Cognitive Theory (or Cognitivism)

Overview & Description: Unlike behaviorism, which focuses on observable behaviors, cognitive theory emphasizes internal processes like thinking, problem-solving, memory, and language. Jean Piaget, a key figure in cognitive theory, suggested that children go through specific stages of cognitive development: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational.

Principles of Cognitive Theory:

• Mental Representation: People have internal mental models of the world which they use to interpret and react to experiences.
• Schema Development: Schemas are mental structures or frameworks that help individuals organize knowledge. They evolve as individuals encounter new experiences.
• Stages of Development: Piaget believed cognitive development occurs in distinct stages, each characterized by specific capabilities and limitations.

Implications:

• Education: An understanding of cognitive development can guide curriculum design, ensuring it aligns with students’ cognitive capabilities.
• Therapy: Cognitive therapies can address maladaptive thought patterns and help individuals develop healthier cognitive processes.

References:

• Piaget, J. (1952). The origins of intelligence in children. New York: International Universities Press.

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