Classical Conditioning (Pavlovian Conditioning)
Overview & Description: A learning process in which an innate response to a potent stimulus becomes associated with a previously neutral stimulus. This type of learning was first demonstrated by Ivan Pavlov, a Russian physiologist.
Key Points:
- Unconditioned Stimulus (US) & Response (UR): A stimulus-response pair where the response is natural and automatic.
- Conditioned Stimulus (CS) & Response (CR): After pairing a neutral stimulus (CS) with the US multiple times, the previously neutral stimulus alone can elicit a response similar to the UR.
Implications: Classical conditioning can be seen in everyday life and has been used in behavior therapy for phobias, aversions, and more.
References:
- Pavlov, I. P. (1927). Conditioned Reflexes. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
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